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The thesis provides transparency on unresolved issues and existing barriers in the UK EfW sector, and on what the future opportunities of the EfW sector are according to the opinions of the stakeholder participants involved in the sector. The results show that there is potential for a symbiotic relationship between the EfW and waste management sectors and the CE, to help the UK achieve its net zero target by 2050. The analysis brings to light the techno-economic, environmental, social and political uncertainties, divergent values and social priorities that shape the competing expectations of the sector and lead to differing conclusions about the sustainability and opportunities of waste management, EfW technologies and different energy outputs from EfW in the UK. This research uses and further develops the elicitation approach called Multicriteria Mapping (MCM) to interview stakeholders, document and analyse their perspectives by gathering both qualitative and quantitative data around the relative sustainability of the six EfW pathways. The aim of this thesis is to open up debate about the relative sustainability of six different EfW pathways investigating the research question of ‘How can energy and fuels from waste (EfW) technologies (Incineration, Gasification and Anaerobic Digestion) be integrated and contribute towards sustainable waste management and energy systems in the UK?’.It does so by assessing and describing the perspectives and value-judgements of different stakeholders from UK Government departments, industry, academia and NGOs involved in the UK EfW sector. Consequently, to date, there is still uncertainty about the long-term deployment strategy and role that the EfW sector can play in the national energy system and transition to a low carbon economy contributing towards UK net zero target by 2050. However, it also generates controversy among other stakeholders who see the sector as undermining the development of more sustainable waste management systems, the transition to a CE and lower carbon economy. The EfW sector is seen by some stakeholders as an essential component of renewable energy policies, waste management policies and the development of sustainable integrated waste management systems. However, the co-existence of the Energy and Fuels from Waste (EfW) sector, the low carbon economy, and the circular economy (CE) are not obvious bedfellows.
Thus, the final objective of this research is to identify whether permissioned blockchain platforms could help stakeholders in the supply chain industry engage in a less-corruptible alternative to traditional web technology and whether they could enable a more positively nuanced blockchain system that draws the best balance between traditional web technology and a public blockchain, including privacy protection and security.Energy and Fuels from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and Commercial and Industrial (C&I) Waste can have an important role to play in the energy mix system and transition to the lower carbon economy towards the 2050 target. For the paper's scope, the existing supply chain problems, such as data integrity, provenance transparency, privacy, and security, are given emphasis more specifically in the context of the coffee supply chain industry, while also concurrently attempting to generalize the solution to manage other supply chain activities effectively.
This paper includes a methodology to implement the suggested idea using a permissioned blockchain platform-Hyperledger Fabric. In this paper, an attempt is made to analyze blockchain's ability to improve the standards of supply chain management. Having disrupted these sectors, the choice of blockchain technology to solve real-world problems concerning supply chain seems to be an innovative strategy. In recent years, this decentralized technology has attained worldwide adoption and growth in multiple sectors, including e-governance, e-commerce, and asset management. The revolution of blockchain technology started in the form of a cryptocurrency called Bitcoin.